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Gobu-gun was originally the Gosaburi-gun of Baekje, and renamed Yeongju in 939 (the 19th year of King Taejo's rule). Provincial governors were dispatched to the region. In 951 (the 2nd year of King Gwangjong's rule), the region was renamed Annamhodo-bu. Later, in 1019 (the 10th year of King Hyeonjong's rule), its old name, Gobu-gun, was restored. Jeongeuphyeon was a subject hyeon of Gobugun in the early Goryeo period. Later, Gammu (the name of a government official's rank) was sent to the area.
In 1235 (the 22nd year of King Gojong's rule), as the Mongol army's third invasion got as far as Jeolla-do and infiltrated the region with violence and looting, Jeon Gonryeol, the then-Bubyeongryeolcho, collected patriotic soldiers and fought against the invading army. During the final years of the Goryeo period, Japanese pirates invaded the region on several occasions and looted a large amount of wealth. This region was under the administration of Jeongongju-do and the post of Goweon, Geosan, and Cheonweon.
